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6 HANDLING AND POSITIONING
6.7
Place of installation
Correct installation of units with R32 refrigerant
• Air Source units with R32 refrigerant must be installed outside, in the open air; this ensures a very low risk. Installation inside machinery rooms is
forbidden.
• The refrigerant is heavier than air and can stagnate, e.g. below the ground or near the floor, and could reach a flammable concentration. To avoid
ignition, maintain a safe work environment by ensuring appropriate ventilation.
Good
• Do not install the air source R32 units in semi-basement, basement or machinery room, unless they comply with EN 378-3:2021 - par.5 requirements
(gas detection, ventilation, alarm system, etc.).
• For R32 units where a release of refrigerant can stagnate e.g. below ground, installation must comply with the requirements of EN 378-3:2021 on gas
detection, ventilation and alarm systems.
• R32 units located outside must be positioned to avoid the refrigerant from flowing into a building or otherwise endangering people, animals and property,
in the event of a leak. Ensure that in the event of leaks no refrigerant penetrates through vents, doors, hatches or similar. When installing units outdoors
with shelter, ensure adequate forced or natural ventilation.
In addition to arc, spark, hot surfaces, flames, etc. there are other ignition sources that must be taken into consideration:
○
Stray electric currents and cathodic corrosion protection: take care when the unit is installed near railways, electromagnetic induction owens, large
welding systems or other apparatus that can induce stray currents in order to avoid source of ignition.
Stray currents can flow in electrically conductive systems or parts of systems as:
return currents in power generating systems - especially in the vicinity of electric railways and large welding systems - when, for example,
►
conductive electrical system components such as rails and cable sheathing laid underground lower the resistance of this return current path;
a result of a short-circuit or of a short-circuit to earth owing to faults in the electrical installations;
►
a result of magnetic induction (e.g. near electrical installations with high currents or radio frequencies).
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If parts of a system able to carry stray currents are disconnected, connected or bridged (even in the case of slight potential differences) an explosive
atmosphere can be ignited as a result of electric sparks and/or arcs. Moreover, ignition can also occur due to the heating up of these current paths.
When impressed current cathodic corrosion protection is used, the above mentioned ignition risks are also possible. However, if sacrificial anodes are
used, ignition risks due to electric sparks are unlikely, unless the anodes are aluminum or magnesium.
○
Mechanically generated sparks: due to an imbalance or damage to the bearings, the blades of a fan can crawl or impact against grids and nozzles;
friction or impact or abrasion can lead to overheating or detachment of solid particles at high temperature, which could represent a potential source of
ignition. Make sure that the fans have no abnormal vibrations or noises; in this case stop the machine and inform the service department.
• The R32 unit is provided with some parts of the refrigerant circuit inside an enclosure: a potentially flammable zone may extend beyond the boundary
of the equipment, especially when doors or panels of the unit are opened following a leak. A risk assessment shall be conducted to determine the
requirements of the location of the unit to be installed.
• The installer shall provide adequately protected documentation that shall be kept near the operating site of the unit and be clearly readable. It shall, at
a minimum, contain details of the flammability of the flammable refrigerant (see EN 378-2, 6.4.3.3).
The installation must take into account the category of occupancy of the premises and the safety group defined by EN 378-1
R134a
A1
Safety class
Installation, use and maintenance manual - Original instructions
Good
Good
R1234ze
R1234yf
A2L
A2L
Table 13: Safety assembly and corresponding refrigerant.
NG
R513A
R420A
A1
A1
NG
R407C
R454B
A1
A2L
EN
R32
A2L
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