Operation And Application; Personal Safety; Operating Modes; Voltage Regulation / Constant Voltage - Elektro-Automatik ELR 9000 Betriebsanleitung

3.

Operation and application

3.1

Personal safety

• In order to guarantee safety when using the device, it is essential that only persons operate
the device who are fully acquainted and trained in the required safety measures to be taken
when working with dangerous electrical voltages
• For models which accept dangerous voltages, the included DC terminal cover, or an equivalent,
must always be used
• Whenever the DC input is being re-configured, the device should be disconnected from the
mains, not only switched off on the DC input! Also switch off or even disconnect the source!
3.2

Operating modes

An electronic load is internally controlled by different control or regulation circuits, which shall bring voltage, current
and power to the adjusted values and hold them constant, if possible. These circuits follow typical laws of control
systems engineering, resulting in different operating modes. Every operating mode has its own characteristics
which is explained below in short form.
3.2.1

Voltage regulation / Constant voltage

Constant voltage operation (CV) or voltage regulation is a subordinate operating mode of electronic loads. In nor-
mal operation, a voltage source is connected to electronic load, which represents a certain input voltage for the
load. If the set value for the voltage in constant voltage operation is higher than the actual voltage of the source,
the value cannot be reached. The load will then take no current from the source. If the voltage set value is lower
than the input voltage then the load will attempt to drain enough current from the source to achieve the desired
voltage level. If the resulting current exceeds the maximum possible or adjusted current value or the total power
is reached, the load will automatically switch to constant current or constant power opera-
according to P = U * I
IN IN
tion, whatever comes first. Then the adjusted input voltage can no longer be achieved.
While the DC input is switched on and constant voltage mode is active, then the condition "CV mode active" will be
shown on the graphics display by the abbreviation CV, as well it will be passed as a signal to the analog interface
and stored as internal status which can be read via digital interface.
3.2.1.1 Speed of the voltage controller
The internal voltage controller can be switched between "Slow" and "Fast" (see „3.4.3.1. Menu "General Settings"").
Factory default value is "Slow". Which setting to select depends on the actual situation in which the device is going
to be operated, but primarily it depends of the type of voltage source. An active, regulated source such as a switch-
ing mode power supply has its own voltage control circuit which works concurrently to the load's circuit. Both might
work against each other and lead to oscillation. If this occurs it is recommended to set the controller speed to "Slow".
In other situations, e.g. operating the function generator and applying various functions to the load's input voltage
and setting of small time increments, it might be necessary to set the voltage controller to "Fast" in order to achieve
the expected results.
3.2.1.2 Minimum voltage for maximum current
Due to technical reasons, all models in this series have
a minimum internal resistance that makes the unit to be
provided with a minimum input voltage (U
be able to draw the full current (I
voltage varies from model to model and is listed in the
technical specifications in 1.8.3. and 1.8.4. If less voltage
than U is supplied, the load proportionally draws less
MIN
current, which can be calculated easily.
See principle view to the right.
EA Elektro-Automatik GmbH
Helmholtzstr. 31-33 • 41747 Viersen
Germany
) in order to
MIN
). This minimum input
MAX
Fon: +49 2162 / 3785-0
Fax: +49 2162 / 16230
ELR 9000 Series
U(V)
Umin
I
www.elektroautomatik.de
ea1974@elektroautomatik.de
Imax
I(A)
Page 43