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MOST COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED
VEHICLE ALIGNMENT FAULTS
Vehicle tends to wander to the left or the right.
Cause: tyre side slip.
Servicing: Invert the position of the wheels on the
same axle:
•
if movement is inverted, turn one of the two
wheels where the position has been inverted, on its rim.
•
if the movement is not inverted, turn the position
of the wheels on the other axle
•
if this double inversion procedure fails to solve
the problem, check that camber values on the same axle
are identical. Carry out the same comparison for caster
values.
Steering wheel not aligned with vehicle path
The causes may be:
• mechanical backlash.
• ROC has been skipped or performed incorrectly.
• wheel alignment performed with the steering wheel
off-centre.
• front wheels adjusted with respect to the axis of sym-
metry instead of the thrust axis.
Disparity between steering locks.
• The steering box range must be centred by counting
the number of steering wheel revolutions from full lock
to full lock.
• Position the steering wheel in the centre of its range
and perform the normal procedure for adjustment of
the front half-toe values.
• Position the steering wheels correctly, disassembling it
from the steering column.
Steering wheel is excessively stiff with vehicle
stopped.
The causes may be:
• excessive caster.
• incorrect king pin angle.
• excessive camber.
• low tyre pressure.
Steering wheel return is too low or too forceful
when driving.
Incorrect caster value - adjust.
Tyre wear.
• tyres with irregular wear on both sides:incorrect pres-
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sure - under-inflated.
• tyre with irregular wear in the centre of the
thread:incorrect pressure - over-inflated.
• tyre wear with stepped profile:shock absorber not wor-
king properly.
• tyres on the same axle with irregular wear on a single
wall: toe values are out of tolerance.
• only one tyre on the same axle with an irregularly worn
side: camber values are out of tolerance.
Vehicles with just one register.
• Adjust total toe to the manufacturer's specifications.
• Set the left and right front toe values so that they are
identical.
• Remove the steering wheel from the steering column
and move it to the correct position.If the steering wheel
has adjustment slots, use them.
Adjusting vehicle with power steering.
• Before making any adjustments start the engine, turn
the steering wheel to full lock in both directions, position
it in the centre of its turning range and block it.
• With the exception of vehicles for which manufacturer
specifications indicate adjustment with the engine run-
ning only, the engine can be switched off or left running
during adjustments, as preferred.
Vehicles with hydro-pneumatic or intelligent sus-
pension systems.
• Adjust the vehicle with the engine running and the
suspensions at normal riding height.
Vehicles with fixed rear axle.
• Even if the rear axle is fixed, measure the relative values
to pick up on possible misalignment; now adjust the
front left and right half-toes with respect to the thrust
axis in order to eliminate the problem of a misaligned
steering wheel.
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