=HZQ}WU]QHVWHURZDQLHDQDORJRZH
9
3RPSDSRVLDGDZHMFLHGOD]HZQ}WU]QHJR UGD
V\JQDXDQDORJRZHJR9'&]DFLVNLL
=DSRPRF¢WHJRZHMFLDPRQDVWHURZDÎSRPS¢
]UHJXODWRUD]HZQ}WU]QHJRMHOLSRPSDXVWDZLRQD
MHVWQDMHGHQ]QDVW}SXM¢F\FKURG]DMZUHJXODFML
6WDDFKDUDNWHU\VW\ND
=HZQ}WU]Q\V\JQDDQDORJRZ\VWHUXMH
FKDUDNWHU\VW\N¢SRPS\ZREV]DU]HPL}G]\
FKDUDNWHU\VW\N¢0,1DXVWDZLRQ¢
FKDUDNWHU\VW\N¢VWD¢ZJFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL
SRND]DQHMQDU\V
5HJXODFMDFLQLHQLD
=HZQ}WU]Q\V\JQDDQDORJRZ\VWHUXMH
Z\VRNRFL¢SRGQRV]HQLDZREV]DU]HRG
ZDUWRFL]DGDQHMRGSRZLDGDM¢FHM
FKDUDNWHU\VW\FH0,1GRXVWDZLRQHMZDUWRFL
]DGDQHMZJFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL]U\V
3U]\QDSL}FLXZHMFLRZ\PPQLHMV]\PRG9
SRPSDE}G]LHSUDFRZDDQDFKDUDNWHU\VW\FH0,1
:DUWRFL]DGDQHMQLHPRQD]PLHQLÎ
:DUWRÎ]DGDQD]PLHQLDVL}W\ONRQDSL}FLDPL
ZHMFLRZ\PLSRZ\HM9
5\V
1DVWDZLRQDZ\VRNRÎSRGQRV]HQLD
VWDDFKDUDNWHU\VW\ND
0DNV\PDOQDZ\VRNRÎ
SRGQRV]HQLD
VWDDFKDUDNWHU\VW\ND
H
m
&KDUDNWHU\VW\ND
0,1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8ZDJD
:HMFLHGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL0$;]DFLVNLL
PXV]¢E\ÎRWZDUWH
:HMFLHGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL0,1]DFLVNLL
PXV]¢E\Î]ZDUWH
=HZQ}WU]QHUR]ND]\VWHUXM¢FH
3RPSDSRVLDGDWU]\ZHMFLDGODQDVW}SXM¢F\FK
]HZQ}WU]Q\FKUR]ND]ZVWHUXM¢F\FK
=$Ê:<ÊSRPS\]DFLVNLL
3UDFDQDFKDUDNWHU\VW\FH0$;]DFLVNLL
3UDFDQDFKDUDNWHU\VW\FH0,1]DFLVNLL
3U]\VWHURZDQLXSRPS\V\JQDDPL]HZQ}WU]Q\PL
SRODZLHWOQHZ]JOODPSNLV\JQDOL]DF\MQH
ZVND]XM¢IXQNFMHDNW\ZQH
6FKHPDWIXQNFML
ZHMFLH]HZQ}WU]QHJR=$Ê:<Ê
6FKHPDWIXQNFMLZHMFLHGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL
0$;QSSULRU\WHWSRGJU]HZDQLDFZX
:HMFLHGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL0$;MHVWDNW\ZQH
W\ONRSU]\]DPNQL}W\PZHMFLX]HZQ}WU]QHJR
=$Ê:<Ê
6FKHPDWIXQNFMLZHMFLHGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL
0,1QSUHGXNFMDQRFQD
:HMFLHGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL0,1MHVWDNW\ZQH
W\ONRSU]\]DPNQL}W\PZHMFLX]HZQ}WU]QHJR
=$Ê:<ÊLRWZDUW\PZHMFLXGODFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL
0$;
7
8
9
10
U
V
=HZQ}WU]QH=$Ê:<Ê
H
3UDFDQRUPDOQD
Q
H
6723
Q
&KDUDNWHU\VW\ND0$;
H
3UDFDQRUPDOQD
Q
H
&KDUDNWHU\VW\ND
0$;
Q
&KDUDNWHU\VW\ND0,1
H
3UDFDQRUPDOQD
Q
&KDUDNWHU\VW\ND
H
0,1
UHGXNFMDQRFQD
Q