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9 Failure analysis
Feature
External state of joint
Feature
Internal state of joint
24
Description
Welding flash too wide or too
narrow over part or all of weld
length, caused by, for example:
incorrect warming-up
•
time
incorrect
heating-
•
element temperature
incorrect joint pressure
•
Non angular joint plane, leading
to variations in form of welding
flash over part or all of weld
length, cased by, for example:
edge preparation faults
•
incorrect welding unit
•
Description
No fusion or incomplete fusion
on joint faces, over part or the
whole of
weld
cross-section
caused by, for example:
contaminated
•
faces
oxidized joint faces
•
excessive reversal time
•
heating
element
•
temperature too low
heating
element
•
temperature too high
Hollow space in joint planes
caused by, for example:
Insufficient
•
pressure
Insufficient
cooling
•
time
Isolated, numerously dispersed
or locally concentrated pores or
inclusions
caused
by,
example:
Vapour
formation
•
during welding
Contaminated
heating
•
element
Operating instructions ECOS 160/250/315
Evaluation group
I
II
See
pg.14
See
DVS 2202-1
DVS 2202-1
guidelines
guidelines
Permissible
Permissible
if
if
b1≥ 0,7 x b2
b1≥ 0,6 x b2
Evaluation group
I
II
Not
Not
Permissible
Permissible
joint
Not
Not
Permissible
Permissible
joint
Permissible
Permissible
if
if
for
∆s ≤ 0.05 x s
∆s ≤ 0.10 x s
III
pg.14
See
pg.14
DVS 2202-1
guidelines
Permissible
if
b1≥ 0,5 x b2
III
Not
Permissible
Not
Permissible
Permissible
if
∆s ≤ 0.15 x s
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