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____________________________________RAS Kp_________________________________
5.3
MIN. ANFORDERUNGEN ZUR WASSERQUALITÄT
WATER CONTENT
CONCENTRATION
(mg/l or ppm)
-
Alkalinity (HCO
)
< 70
3
70-300
> 300
[1]
2-
Sulphate
(SO
)
< 70
4
70-300
> 300
-
2-
HCO
/ SO
> 1.0
3
4
< 1.0
Electrical conductivity < 10 μS/cm
10-500 μS/cm
> 500 μS/cm
[2]
pH
< 6.0
6.0-7.5
7.5-9.0
>9.0
+
Ammonium (NH
)
< 2
4
2-20
>20
-
Chlorides (Cl
)
<100
100-200
Please also see
200-300
table below
>300
Free chlorine (Cl
)
< 1
2
1-5
> 5
Hydrogen sulfide (H
S) < 0.05
2
>0.05
Free (aggressive)
< 5
carbon dioxide (CO
)
5-20
2
> 20
Total hardness (°dH)
4.0-8.5
[1]
-
Nitrate
(NO
)
< 100
3
> 100
[3]
Iron
(Fe)
< 0.2
> 0.2
Aluminium (Al)
< 0.2
> 0.2
[3]
Manganese
(Mn)
< 0.1
> 0.1
[1]
Sulfates and nitrates works as inhibitors for pitting corrosion caused by chlorides in pH neutral environments
[2]
In general low pH (below 6) increase corrosion risk and high pH (above 7.5) decrease the corrosion risk
[3]
3+
4+
Fe
and Mn
are strong oxidants and may increase the risk for localised corrosion on stainless steels
[4]
in combination with brazing material copper
SiO
above 150ppm increase the risk of scaling
2
CHLORIDE
CONTENT
30°C
= 10 ppm
SS 304
= 25 ppm
SS 304
= 50 ppm
SS 304
= 80 ppm
SS 316
= 150 ppm
SS 316
= 300 ppm
SS 316
> 300 ppm
Ti / 254 SMO
TIME LIMITS
Analyze before
Within 24 h
No limit
No limit
No limit
Within 24 h
Within 24 h
No limit
Within 5 h
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
60°C
80°C
SS 304
SS 304
SS 304
SS 304
SS 304
SS 316
SS 316
SS 316
SS 316
[4]
SS 316
[4]
Ti / 254 SMO
SS 316
Ti / 254 SMO
Ti / 254 SMO
Plate Material
AISI 304 AISI 316 254 SMO COPPER NICKEL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
-
+
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
120°C
130°C
SS 304
SS 316
[4]
SS 316
SS 316
SS 316
Ti / 254 SMO
[4]
Ti / 254 SMO
SS 316
Ti / 254 SMO
Ti / 254 SMO
Ti / 254 SMO
Ti / 254 SMO
Ti / 254 SMO
Ti / 254 SMO
Brazing Material
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0/+
+
+
+
+
+
0/-
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
0/-
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
0
0
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0/+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
-
0/-
+
+
+
+
+
0/-
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
STAINLESS
STEEL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
42
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