ﺇﺻ ﺎﺑﺔ ﺷﺧﺻ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺳ ﻳﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺗﻭﺳ ﻁﺔ
- ﺳ ﻭﻑ ﻳﺗ ﻡ ﺗﺻ ﻧﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗ ﺞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺃﻧ ﻪ ﻣﻠ ﻭﺙ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗ ﻡ ﺍﺳ ﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣ ﻊ ﺳ ﺎﺋﻝ ﺿ ﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺻ ﺣﺔ ﺃﻭ
.- ﺍﺭﺗ ﺩ ﻣﻌ ﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻳ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻ ﻳﺔ
.ﻭﺻ ﻝ ﺇﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗ ﺔ
.ﻋ ﺩ ّﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺗﺑﺩﻝ ﻣﻔﺗ ﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺳ ﻭﺏ
.ﺍﺳ ﺗﺑﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺻ ﻬﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻧﺗﻅ ﺭ ﺣ ﺗﻰ ﻳﻌﻣ ﻝ ﻭﺍﻗ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﺭﻙ ﻣ ﺭﺓ
.ﺃﺧ ﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋ ﺩ ﺗﺷ ﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﺭﻙ
.ﻧﻅ ّ ﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ ﺔ
.ﺔ
ﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻳﺑ
ﺗﺑﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻌ
ﺍﺳ ﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻧ ﻭﻉ ﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ ﺁﺧ ﺭ. ﺗﻭﺍﺻ ﻝ ﻣ ﻊ
ﻣ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺟﺭﻭﻧ ﺩﻓﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠ ﻲ ﺍﻟﺧ ﺎﺹ ﺑ ﻙ
.ﺃﻭ ﻣ ﻊ ﺧﺩﻣ ﺔ ﺩﻋ ﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻳﻌ ﺎﺕ
.ﻧﻅ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ
.ﺎﺋﻲ
ﻧﻲ ﻛﻬﺭﺑ
.ﺎﺋﻲ
ﻧﻲ ﻛﻬﺭﺑ
.ﺍﺿ ﺑﻁ ﺍﻹﻋ ﺩﺍﺩ
.ﺍﻋﻛ ﺱ ﺍﺗﺟ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ
.ﻧﻅ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ
ﺭﻳﻑ ﺃﻭ
ﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺻ
ﻑ ﺃﻧﺑ
.ﺃﺣﻛ ﻡ ﺭﺑ ﻁ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ ﺔ
.ﺍﻋﻛ ﺱ ﺍﺗﺟ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ
.ﺍﺿ ﺑﻁ ﻣﻔﺗ ﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺳ ﻭﺏ
.ﺍﺳ ﺗﺑﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ
.ﺔ
ﺗﺑﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ
292
ﻪ
ﺗﻧﺑﻳ
ﻣ ﺎﺩﺓ ﺳ ﺎﻣﺔ
.ﺳ ﺎﻡ
ﺍﻹﺻ ﻼﺡ
( ﺗ ﻡ ﺇﻳﻘ ﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ ﺑﻭﺍﺳ ﻁﺔ ﻣﻔﺗ ﺎﺡ
.( ﺗ ﻡ ﺇﻳﻘ ﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻗ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﺭﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺣ ﺭﺍﺭﻱ
ﺍﺳ
( ﻗ ﺎﻁﻊ ﺩﺍﺋ ﺭﺓ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳ ﺔ ﻗﺻ ﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ
.( ﺩﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳ ﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌ ﺔ ﺟ ﺩ ًﺍ
( ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ ﺔ ﻣﺳ ﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻛﻠ ﻳ ً ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺯﺋ ﻳ ً ﺎ ﺑﻔﻌ ﻝ
ﻝ ﺑﻔ
ﺍﺗﺻ
ﻝ ﺑﻔ
ﺍﺗﺻ
( ﺇﻋ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻓ ﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﻭﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺧ ﺎﺹ ﺑﻘ ﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺩﺍﺋﺭﺓ
.ﺔ
ﺽ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ
4.1
( ﺍﺗﺟ ﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻏ ﻳﺭ ﺻ ﺣﻳﺢ. ﺍﻧﻅ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺳ ﻡ
.( ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ ﻣﺳ ﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺟﺯﺋ ﻳ ً ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺷ ﻭﺍﺋﺏ
ﻡ ﺑﺗﻧﻅﻳ
ﻗ
( ﺃﻧﺑ ﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﺻ ﺭﻳﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺻ ﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺳ ﺩﻭﺩﺍﻥ
.ﺍﻟﺻ ﻣﺎﻡ
( ﻟ ﻡ ﻳﺗ ﻡ ﺗﺭﻛﻳ ﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ ﺔ ﺑﺷ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻼﺋ ﻡ ﻓ ﻲ
4.1
( ﺍﺗﺟ ﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻏ ﻳﺭ ﺻ ﺣﻳﺢ. ﺍﻧﻅ ﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺳ ﻡ
( ﺗ ﻡ ﺇﻋ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻔﺗ ﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺳ ﻭﺏ ﺑﺷ ﻛﻝ ﻏ ﻳﺭ
.( ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ ﺻ ﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻻﺳ ﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ
ﺍﺳ
ﺍﻟﻭﻓ ﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺻ ﺎﺑﺔ ﺷﺧﺻ ﻳﺔ ﺧﻁ ﻳﺭﺓ
- ﺍﻓﺻ ﻝ ﺇﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻗﺑ ﻝ ﺑ ﺩء ﺃﻱ ﻋﻣ ﻝ
- ﺗﺄﻛ ﺩ ﻣ ﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗ ﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛ ﻥ ﺗﺷ ﻐﻳﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ
ﺇﺻ ﺎﺑﺔ ﺷﺧﺻ ﻳﺔ ﺑﺳ ﻳﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺗﻭﺳ ﻁﺔ
.- ﺍﺭﺗ ﺩ ﻣﻌ ﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻳ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻ ﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺳ ﺑﺏ
.( ﻻ ﻳﻭﺟ ﺩ ﺇﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻁﺎﻗ ﺔ
.ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺳ ﻭﺏ
.( ﺍﻟﻣﺻ ﻬﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﻔﺟ ﺭﺕ
.( ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ ﺔ ﻣﺳ ﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺷ ﻭﺍﺋﺏ
.ﺍﻟﻛﺎﺑ ﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﺭﻙ
.ﻭﺍﺋﺏ
.( ﻋﻁ ﻝ ﻁ ﻭﺭ
.( ﺟﻬ ﺩ ﻛﻬ ﺭﺑﻲ ﻣﻧﺧﻔ ﺽ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ ﺔ
ﺭﻙ ﻣﻧﺧﻔ
ﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺣ
ﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗ
ﺍﻟﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳ
.ﻓﺣ ﺹ ﺍﺗﺟ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ
.ﻭﺍﺋﺏ
ﻝ ﺍﻟﺷ
ﺎ ﺑﻔﻌ
.ﺍﻟﻌﻣ ﻭﺩ
.ﻓﺣ ﺹ ﺍﺗﺟ ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ
.ﺻ ﺣﻳﺢ
.ﺔ
ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻳ
( ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻓﻌ
ﺗﺣﺩﻳ ﺩ ﺃﻋﻁ ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗ ﺞ
ﺧﻁﺭ
ﺻ ﺩﻣﺔ ﻛﻬﺭﺑﺎﺋﻳ ﺔ
.ﺎﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ
ﺑ
.ﻗﺻ ﺩ
ﻪ
ﺗﻧﺑﻳ
ﻋﻧﺻ ﺭ ﺣ ﺎﺩ
a
.. ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﺭﻙ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻣ ﻝ
b
c
d
e
f
a
. ﺍﻧﻘﻁ ﻊ ﻋﻣ ﻝ ﻭﺍﻗ ﻲ
ﺍﻟﻣﺣ ﺭﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣ ﻝ
ﺍﻟﺣ ﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻌ ﺩ ﻓ ﺗﺭﺓ
.ﻭﺟ ﻳﺯﺓ ﻣ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺷ ﻐﻳﻝ
b
ﺍﻟﺷ
c
d
e
f
a
. ﺗﻌﻣ ﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺿ ﺧﺔ
ﺑﺎﺳ ﺗﻣﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺿ ﺦ ﻣﻳﺎ ﻫ ً ﺎ
b
.ﺔ
ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳ
ً ﺟﺯﺋ ﻳ
c
d
e
f
g
.8
. 8
ﺍﻟﻌﻁ ﻝ
1
2
3
ﻗﻠﻳﻠ