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5)
Features and functions
Volt*
Controlled
Oscillator
(VCO)
The VCO is the source of all sound for the MS-IO synthesizer. It is
here that all pitch and basic tone color etements are determined.
@Scale:
This control is an Octave selector. With each halving of the number
displayed, the pitch goes up one octave. For example the 4' (foot)
scale indication is one octave higher than 8'; similarly, 16' is one
octave
lower
than 8'.
@Waveform:
This selects the various waveforms
that determine
color (timbre). Four waveformsare provided A
Each waveform has ifs own unique characteristic sound.
A
(Triangle Wave): A very basic waveform having few harmonics, and
possessing a soft, round tone color. Excellent
Other such effects. The Triangle Wave may be changed into a Sine
Wave (having no harmonics) by the use Of the Low Pass Filter.
(Sawtooth): A waveform rich in all harmonics, and one of the most
useful to the synthesist.
Used for string, brass, voice and Other
harmonically rich sounds. The Voltage Controlled Filter (VCF) is
highly effective on Sawtooth
Waveforms,
(Rectangle Wave): A variable waveform having different timbres
depending on on the width of the top (called Pulse Width). When
the top and bottom
widths are equal, the waveform
Square Wave. and possessesthe "hotlow"
qualities of the reed family
(i.e., the clarinet). As the pulse width proportionately
Strong shift in tone color occurs; the sound becomes "nasal"
quality.
This waveform
is called
a Pulse Wave.
Pulse Width is våried on the MS-IO using the PW/PWM control
any external controller
patched into the PWM jack.
(White Noise): An unpitched soundconsisting of equal amounts of
all frequencies. Used for wind, surf, gunshot, percussion instrument
and other such effects. The use of the filter will emphasize certain
frequencies
over others, creating many different
WAVE
FORM
@Pitch:
This control
varies the VCO's pitch over a range of ± one octave.
Once set, the pitch level remains extremely
playing range, thanks to Korg technology.
@PW/PWM:
This control
varies the Rectangle Wave's Pulse Width
patch is in the PWM jack. At '
the waveform
Square Wave). Rotating
the control
clockwise
decreases the pulse width.
Near the full clockwise
pulse width becomes so narrow as to virtually
sound will be heard. This function is useful for eliminating the VCO
when external sound sources are being processed through the MS-IO
EXT signal in jack.
In addition,
the synthesizer (e.g. Control Wheel, MG, EG, etc.) by patching the
PWM jack to the appropriate
Pulse Width Modulation
the intensity
nected to the MG Triangle Wave output on the patch panel, a
"chorus" effect similar to the sound of two oscillators slightly
detuned from each other is achieved, due to the constantly shifting
the basic tone
harmonic
balance.
,
,n-•11
('Portamento:
for flute. vibes and
Varies the rate of "glide"
from note to note. The ability to make smooth transitions in pitch
between notes is unique to the monophonic
to the creative
Frequency
These controls allow other parts Of the synthesizer
VCO's pitch, for such effects as vibrato, trills, pitch bends,
"sweeps,"
@ Frequency Modulation
Varies the intensity
Triangle Wave output.
(j) Frequency Modulation by EG/EXT:
is called a
With no patch in the VCO's FREQ jack, this control
effect of the Envelope Generator
decreases,a
control and play a note on the keyboard. Notice that the pitch of
in
the note rises and falls corresponding
Envelope Generator).
and
With any external controller
Envelope, etc.), this control now varies the intensity Of the external
device.
Voltage Controlled
The VCF alters the tonal quality of the VCO waveform by removing
certain frequencies while passing others. The fact that the VCF can
sound effects.
vary its characteristics
expressive powers. The MS-10 is equipped with a wide range Voltage
Controlled Low PassFilter (VCLPF) which, as its name implies,
passes lower frequencies
frequencies.
stable throughout
the
(PW), when no
is symmetrical
lie, a
proportionately
position,
the
disappear, and no
pulse width
may be varied externally
by other parts of
controller
output.
This effect is called
(PWM); the PW/PWM control
now varies
of the modulation
effect.
For example, when con-
the time it takes the MS-IO to go
synthesizer,
effects
available.
Modulation
controls.
to affect the
etc.
by MG:
of vibrato from the Modulation
Generator
varies the
(EG) on the VCO. Advance the
to the envelope curve (see
patched in (eg, Control
Wheel, Reverse
Low-Pass Filter (VCLPF):
dynamically
gives the synthesizer
while blocking,
or filtering
out, higher
Low-Pass
Fitter
p cak
Outout
Level
Fc
@Cut-off Frequency (Fc):
Controls the point in the frequency spectrum where soundsstart to
be filtered out. At "10", the filter is wide open and sounds pass
through unaffected. As the control is rotated counterclockwise,
sounds passing through
tonal quality,
as more and more higher frequency
reduced and eliminated. At "O", the filter is almost completely
"closed,"
and sounds passing through are barely audible.
@Peak:
This contro' varies the amount Of the filter's Resonance or Emphasjs
("Q") at the cut-off frequency. At ''O" there is no Emphasis,and
frequencies arerolled off smoothly at the cut-off frequencypoint.
As the control isadvanced clockwise. a "peak" rises in the fitter's
frequency response at the cut-off frequency. The effect of this
function is to make the action of the filter more pronounced.
"Wah" and "Twang" effects are produced using this function.
At somewherenear its maximum setting, the filter itself beginsto
oscillate, generating its own pure sine wave .
becoming another sound source. Its pitch is affected by the cut-off
and adds
frequency
and cut-off
frequency
Cut-off Frequency Modulation Controls
These controls allow other parts of the synthesizer to vary the
filter's cut-off frequency, in a manner similar to VCO frequency
modulation.
@Cut Off Frequency Modulat ion by MG:
The Modulation Generator's Triangle Waveoutput modulates the
(MG)
filter frequency, for fitter vibrato, automatic "wa-wa", etc.
@Cut Off FrequencyModulation by EG/EXT:
This control varies the modulation intensity from the Envelope
Generator (when no patch is in the VCF's "CUTOFF FREQ" jack).
This highly useful effect is called ' 'filter contouring",
you to obtain changes in tonal quality over time. Learn to use this
function, and to experiment with different settings of the Envelope
Generator
controls.
When an external device (eg, Control Wheel, Pedal. Reverse
Envelope,etc.) is patched into the CUTOFF FREQjack on the
patch panel, this control varies the intensity of the external modula-
tion
effect.
Controlled
Amplifier
This device varies the volume of sound passingthrough it in ac-
enormous
cordance with the sum ot-control voltages from the Envelope
Generator (EG), and from any external controller patched into the
patch panel VCA INITIAL
Envelope Generator
(EG):
This devicegeneratesa rising and falling voltage which when applied
to the VCA and VCF producescorresponding changesin volume
and tone color respectively.The MS-IOfeaturesa unique 5 part
Envelope Generator f or addedflexibility. When' 'triggered" (usually
by depressinga note on the keyboard), the EG voltage risesto a
peak at a rate set by the Attack Time control, then fans at the
Decay Time control
rate to a level set by the Sustain Level control
and eventually falls back to zero at the ReleaseTime control rate
following termination of the trigger signal.
Freq
gradually
become rounder and softer in
components
are
. thus
in effect
modulation
controls.
and allows
(VCA):
GAIN jack.
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