Geberit DUOFIX Montageanleitung Seite 175

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
SYSTEM BOUNDARY
This EPD covers the life cycle modules listed in the following table.
Product Construction
stage stage stage
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3
x x x x x MND MND MND MND MND MND MND x
MND = Modules not declared.
MANUFACTURING AND PACKAGING (A1-A3)
The environmental impacts considered for the product stage cover the
manufacturing of raw materials used in the production as well as
packaging materials and other ancillary materials. The energy used by
machines and handling of waste formed in the production processes at
the manufacturing facilities are also included in this stage. Furthermore,
the study considers the material losses occurring during the
manufacturing processes as well
transmission.
The product is made of the main mineral raw materials kaolin, ball clay,
feldspar and quartz. Other materials account for less than 10 %. The
ceramic has a glaze. The product does not contain external secondary
materials. As the ceramic is fired at temperatures > 1,000 °C, the product
does not contain volatile organic compounds (VOC).
For the supply of raw materials, the input of raw materials was mapped
with corresponding European data as the source is mainly Europe. Further
information on purchasing can be found in the Geberit annual report.
Sanitary ceramic 230.351.00.0(01)
Use End-of-life Beyond
stage system
boundaries
B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
x x x
as losses during electricity
Transport from suppliers to Geberit is modelled based on material class-
specific transport distances. The individual transport distances of each
supplier are averaged according to the corresponding sales volumes.
Nearly all A2 transport operations are carried out by lorry. Transport by
rail, air and sea freight is not considered due to lack of relevance. On
average, the transport distance from suppliers of raw and semifinished
materials is about 740 km.
The production and packaging of the ceramic products takes place at the
production sites in Bromölla (SE), Carregado (PT), Ekenäs (FI), Gaeta (IT),
x
Haldensleben (DE), Koło (PL), Limoges (FR), Slavuta (UA), Wesel (DE) and
Włocławek (PL). The Geberit plants are certified according to ISO 9001,
ISO 14001 and ISO 45001. The plants in Haldensleben (DE) and Wesel
(DE) are additionally certified according to ISO 50001 (energy). A current
Group ISO certificate can be downloaded from https://www.geberit.com.
The moulds are made of plaster or plastic depending on the casting
process used. The mass is cast into the moulds using static pressure or
the high-pressure casting process. Production waste before firing is
recycled internally. Material and production-related external product
waste is included. This covers wastewater, sludge, mould waste and
waste of fired ceramics. The manufacturing process is modelled with the
energy and electricity consumption measured in the plants. The major
source of heat is natural gas, followed by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
and district heating. About 60 % of electricity consumed comes from
renewable sources. The remaining part is modelled with the
country-specific electricity mixes.
Ancillary materials, such as water and moulds, are included. The
production and provision of packaging material are also modelled in A3.
The finished product is packaged and transported in different ways. On
average, 0.048 kg cardboard, 0.009 kg foils, 0.051 kg chipboard and
0.024 kg one-way pallets are used.
TRANSPORT AND INSTALLATION (A4-A5)
Transportation impacts resulting from final product delivery to
construction sites (A4) cover direct fuel exhaust emissions and
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