Fiem SMART Betriebshandbuch Seite 13

- The porosity of the eggshells (can vary from egg to egg!)
- The time of year (warm weather usually means high ambient humidity and eggs laid towards the end of the
season tend to be more porous)
Requirement for water in the incubator can be monitored by either weighing the eggs (or batch of eggs), (an
egg should lose 13-15% of its weight during incubation) or by candling (the air space should be approx. 1/3
of the egg by the time it is due to hatch).
HUMIDIFICATION
For a correct humidification during the incubation time, check the inside value on the display and fill the water
into the needed spaces on the bottom, one per time, in order to reach the correct value.
APPROX. HUMIDITY VALUES WHEN OPERATING AT 37.7°C (100°F) DRY BULB TEMPERATURE
TYPE
HEN LIGHT BREED (LAYER)
HEN HEAVY BREED (BROILER)
PHEASANT - PARTRIDGE – QUAIL- RED LEG PARTRIDGE
TURKEY – GUINEA FOWL
GOOSE - DUCK (MALLARD,PEKIN, KHAKI CAMPBELL, WILD)
In order to regulate the humidity level inside the machine it is necessary to modify the basin's surface:
enlarging the surface water increases the humidity, reducing the surface area decreases it.
During hatching period, when chicks will start to hatch, fill hot water into all four spaces on the bottom in order
to increase to the maximum level the humidity inside.
On subsequent hatches you may wish to increase or decrease the amount of water, depending on your fin-
dings with your first hatch, if in doubt, it is better to add too little water than to much - more eggs are lost
through too high humidity than any other single factor! Remember, the depth of water makes no difference
to the humidity levels in the incubator; it is the surface area which counts!
EGGS CANDLING
At 8th - 10th day of incubation, it is advisable to candle the eggs in order to eliminate those which are infertile; this
operation must be done in a dark room. By observing the inside of a developing, fertile egg, using a suitable candling
lamp, it is possible to determine the embryo development which looks like a small reddish shape, composed of the
heart and small arteries which are radiating from it (forming a spider shape) (Fig. b). If the egg is moved lightly, it is
possible to see clearly the rhythmic oscillations of the embryo.
On the contrary, an infertile egg appears completely transparent (clear), with a slight darkening where the yolk is. (a).
If during the candling operation, you find some eggs with a reddish spot stuck or attached to the shell, or a central
spot surrounded by one or more concentric hoops, or something nebulous crossing the inside; then in this case, the
embryos are either false or dead, and must be taken out of the incubator to prevent them contaminating other eggs
with bacteria by infection or explosion.
a) Infertile egg
b) Egg with normally developing embryo
c) Egg with dead embryo at 5th - 6th day of incubation
Periodic candling during embryonic development is necessary to ensure the best hatching results. Using a
good candling lamp, it is possible to check the growth of the air-space. The pictures shown herewith show the
air-space growth as related to hen, turkey, and pheasant eggs. If the air space measurements appear similar
to those shown in the picture, it means that the embryo is developing correctly, and that the amount of humi-
dity supplied in the machine is right. If the air space is not developing correctly,it means that it is necessary to
change the level of humidity supplied to the machine
Pheasant egg
It must be noted that when the air-space is smaller than shown in the table, it is necessary to increase the humidity value; when the air-
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space is larger than shown in the table, the humidity must be increased.
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Hen egg
INCUBATION
82°F = 47%
84°F = 52%
78-80°F = 38-43%
82-84°F = 47-52%
78-80°F = 38-43%
Turkey egg
HATCHING
88°F = 62%
88°F = 62%
86-88°F = 56-62%
88°F = 62%
88°F = 62%
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