ﻋﻨﺪ
ﻭﳐﺮﺝ ﺍﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ
16
ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ )ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ(، ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ
.ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﺑﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻭﻻﻓﺘﺔ ﺗﻨﺸﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺠﺎﻝ
ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ، ﺃﻭ ﺃ ﻣ ﹼ ﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻞ ﺑﺴﻄﺢ
ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻨﯽ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ
.(ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﱰﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻼ: ﺟﺺ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﳋﺸﻦ، ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ
.ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻨﺸﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﻛﲈ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻨﻬﺎ
ﻛﲈ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻼﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺍﻓﺤﺺ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ. ﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ
ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ. ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ، ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﺲ
ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮی. ﳚﻮﺯ
.ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮی ﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ
ﻡ، ﻋﻠﯽ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ
ﻋﻠﯽ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻄﻮﳍﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ )ﻣﺜﻼ: ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ(. ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ
ﻋﺮﺑﻲ
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ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺷﻐﻞ
ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ
17
.ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
.ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ
ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﯽ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
:ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ. ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ
،(ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ )ﻣﺜﻼ: ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ، ﺍﳌﺎﺀ
،(ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻼ: ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻘﻮﻝ، ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ
،(ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻼ: ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺯﻟﺔ
.ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﴍ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺛﺮﻋﻠﯽ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
(
ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ )ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ
H
ﺍﳌﻴﻞ. ﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ
180°
.ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﯽ
ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ
0,3°
ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺯﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ
3
.ﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﲈﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ
ﻓﺤﺺ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ
:ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ
ﺇﻟﯽ
ﺍﺧﱰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺓ ﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ
10
1
.ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺸﲔ ﺃﻣﻠﺲ ﻭﻋﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ
.ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ
ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ
10
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ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ )ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺜﻼ(، ﻳﻀﻐﻂ
، ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﲤﺴﺢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ
ﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ. ﻭﲤﺴﺢ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ
.ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ
ﻟﻜﻲ ﲤﺴﺢ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ، ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻐﻂ
ﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ. ﻟﻜﻲ ﲤﺴﺢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ
ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ
"، ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺯﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
7
ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺓ
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ
8
ﺍﻷﻭﻟﯽ ﲤﺤﯽ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ، ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺓ
.ﺍﳍﺪﻑ
، ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻳﻤﺤﯽ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ
ﳉﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ
–
. ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﯽ
11
–
" ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ. ﲡﺮی ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ
–
–
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﯽ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻳﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ
. ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻄﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ
.
c
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ
.ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮی ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ. ﲣﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
.ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ
ﺇﻥ ﲨﻌﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺜﻼ، ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺯﺭ
" ﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ. ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ
.ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﯽ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ
ﲡﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ )ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺜﻼ(، ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
. ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
c
ﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻳﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ
." ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ
–
–
."ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ "ﲨﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ
–
ﺯﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
7
.
ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
6
ﻣﺴﺢ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ
8
.ﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ
ﺗﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ
8
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲤﺤﯽ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﺍﻝ
B
X
ﲨﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ
ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ. ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ
+
.ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ
ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
6
ﻭﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
a
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻢ ﻛﺒﺲ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ
11
.
ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
6
:ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ
ERROR
.
ﲨﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻄﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ
a
ﻃﺮﺡ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ
" ، ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ
5
2 609 140 906 • 16.2. 1 2
ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ
8
"
CST
.
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ
A
" ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ
–
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
"
6
–